Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. Learn parenteral administration drug with free interactive flashcards. Parenteral routes routes of administration other than enteral route are called parenteral routes. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. This avoids drug degradation in the human digestive tract and allows lower dosage requirements.
Definitiondefinition parenteral administration is injection or infusion by means of a needle or catheter inserted into the body. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. When an onsite, licensed pharmacy is available, only the pharmacy compounds or admixes all sterile medications, iv admixtures, or other drugs except in emergencies. They are also involved in monitoring and administration of parenteral admixtures. Parenteral nutrition5 document, the 2007 statement on parenteral nutrition standardization,6 the 2017 enteral nutrition practice recommendations,7 and the 2014 parenteral nutrition safety consensus recommendations. This guidance represents the food and drug administrations fdas current.
The parenteral drug association pda is the leading global facilitator of science, technology and regulatory information. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. These drugs can be packaged in either singledose or multidose containers. Parenteral drugs are sterile preparations containing one or more active ingredients intended to be administered to a patient other than the alimentary canal gastrointestinal tract routes. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. Also, the names but not the definitions or the numeric codes that. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of. Parenteral administration medications can be delivered into the body through a variety of routes. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. The enteral route usually refers to taking drugs by mouth. Drug design and development has several stages and takes many years to complete. Parenteral definition of parenteral by medical dictionary.
Pdf knowledge regarding safe administration of parenteral. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. Parenteral administration is required if an agent is absorbed poorly from the gastrointestinal tract, if a condition precludes administration or absorption of a usually wellabsorbed drug, if an unusually high tissue concentration of drug is required, or if adherence to an oral regimen for treatment of a significant infection cannot be ensured. Parenteral drug administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Parenteral medication administration flashcards quizlet. There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than digestive tract administration. This preparation should be sterile and to be administered by means of an injection. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Routes of the administration according to the data standards manual monographs. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. Parenteral drug administration chapter 7 medication safety. Scheme of the different sites of parenteral administration of drugs.
Pn is given through an iv catheter thin tube placed in a vein in your arm, upper chest, or neck. Intravenous medicines or fluids that go directly into the patients vein are being given by the intravenous iv route. For example, parenteral nutrition is feeding that is delivered intravenously. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. Methods of administration include oral, sublingual dissolving the drug under the tongue. Information and translations of route of administration in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Systemic route a enteral route b parenteral route 1. Drug action is faster and surer valuable in emergencies. Parenteral medication administration halabja technical institute nursing department first stage fundamental of nursing snur j. Parenteral admixture and incompatibility authorstream. Pn provides you with water, protein, sugar, fats, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes. A scheme of the different sites for parenteral drug administration is presented in figure 6. These routes consist of intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intrave.
Definition of route of administration in the dictionary. A number of technological advances have been made in the area of parenteral drug delivery, leading to the development of sophisticated systems that allow drug targeting and the sustained or controlled release of parenteral medicines 1. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drugadministrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock shi et al. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors. Therapeutic parenteral drug administration and inoffice. In literature, the studies on an erroneous administration of medication noted the parenteral medication treatment is a complicated process. Medications include antibiotics, steroids or antiinflammatory drugs. The term parenteral is usually used for drugs given by injection or infusion. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Thoma biopharmaceutics and immunogenicity of biotherapeutics balaji agoram, kazuko sagawa, ravi m shanker, and satish singh preformulation research of. Parenteral routes of drug administration clinical point ia injection of bcnu carmustine. Routes of administration and devices himanshu bhattacharjee and laura a.
Parenteral routes of drug administration basicmedical key. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the common types of injections to include. Parenteral definition is situated or occurring outside the intestine. There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than. Choose from 500 different sets of parenteral administration drug flashcards on quizlet. Other articles where parenteral administration is discussed. The various routes of administrations are classified into following categories.
Brunner in 1904 from the theory of noyes and whitney by application of the ficks. Lets look at the most common parenteral routes of drug administration. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having to pass the oral or alimentary mucous layer. Parenteral nutrition pn gives your body nutrients when you are not able to eat or cannot absorb nutrition from the food you eat. A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Pdf systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical.
The parenteral route of drug administration is now considered the most effective route as it provides a rapid onset of action, a good bioavailability of the drugs and a reliable option for drug. Parenteral definition, taken into the body in a manner other than through the digestive canal. Describe advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route of. Parenteral administration is the only option in the case of some drugs and may, in any case, be required for serious systemic infections. Psychology definition of parenteral drug administration. Vitamin b is available in different forms for oral or parenteral usually intramuscular administration.
Do parenteral medication administration skills of nursing. Parenteral drug administration refers to drugs given by routes other than the digestive tract. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and. This type of administration route exhibits several advantages, such as firstpass metabolism avoidance, better bioavailability, and reliable dosage. Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. The parenteral administration route is the most effective and common form of delivery for active drug substances with metabolic bioavailabilities drug for which the bioavailability in limited by high first pass metabolism effect of other physicochemical limitation and for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Parenteral definition and meaning collins english dictionary. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. Parenteral conventionally, parenteral refers to administration by injection which takes the drug directly into the tissue fluid or blood without having to cross the enteral mucosa. Errors in administration of parenteral drugs in intensive. The common parenteral routes are listed in table 7. In this lesson, we defined that a parenteral drug administration is the delivery of a medication by injection into the body, and discussed the common types of injections to include areas such as the skin, fatty subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or an intravenous line. Researchers gather information about how the drug works, how effectively it works, and its toxic effects.
Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages. American society for parenteral and enteral nutrition. Parenteral formulations, particularly intravascular ones, offer a unique opportunity for direct access to the bloodstream and rapid onset of drug. Suggestions for management and conservation compiled by ashp and the university of utah drug information service, october 18, 2017. Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Once a drug that may be useful in treating a disorder is identified, it is studied in laboratory animals. This focus on the specific problem of parenteral drug administration might explain the higher rate of medication errors than in the previous study see 1, which looked simultaneously at errors in several other domains and did not include medication related errors of omission. This route of administration is possible if the drug is in liquid dosage form. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines i. Fda center for drug evaluation and research data standards manual. Parenteral drug administration involves piercing the skin or mucous membranes and is the usual route for protein and peptide therapeutics. Parenteral definition of parenteral by merriamwebster.